Wilkinson,+Alyssa


 * The Growth of the United States during each presidency: **
 * Washington: Established the Judicial and Executive Branches of the Federal Government. He helped our Country get out of debt and set peace with Britain. We gained North Carolina, Rhode Island, Kentucky and Tennessee. During his presidency the Cracker, Cotton Gin, wheel cipher, and cupcake were invented.  **
 * Adams: He continued to strengthen our government and expanded the Army and Navy. We gained Vermont. the fire hydrant was invented. **
 * Jefferson: Our Country gained Ohio. During his presidency the suspension bridge, the banjo Clock, vapor-compression refrigerator, Burr Truss, an Amphibious vehicle, a coffee percolator , and lobster trap were invented.  **
 * Madison: We gained Louisiana, Indiana and Mississippi. Dental floss, a Columbiad, a circular saw, and a milling machine were invented during his presidency.  **
 * Monroe: The U.S gained Illinois, Alabama, Maine and Missouri during this Presidency. The profile lathe was invented. **
 * John Quincy Adams: We did not gain any new states during his presidency. The cracker and a detachable collar were invented during his presidency.  **
 * Jackson: The U.S. gained Arkansas and Michigan. During his presidency, the ****  Flanged T rail, multiple coil magnet, electric doorbell, Morse code, a lock stitch sewing machine, a combine harvester, steam shovel, a wrench, a solar compass, a relay, a gridiron, circuit beaker, and a self-polishing cast steel plow.   **


 * Foreign Affairs between the Presidents: **
 * Through the duration of the seven presidents’ terms, a major foreign issue was neutrality. When George Washington was president Europe was at war; the sides were great Britain and France. At this time George Washington was trying to hold the new nation together and he believed if Americans chose either side, it would cause war to come to America. This is when George Washington proposed the Proclamation of Neutrality. This stated that the United States would take neither side in the conflict involving the British and the French. This led to the creation of the two political parties that are still in existence today; republicans and democrats. Along the same lines, Thomas Jefferson, defended neutrality. During his presidency U.S. ships were being attacked(seized) because each side felt that America was helping the opposing side during the war. This is when Jefferson enforced the Embargo Act. This law stated that all trade would be stopped between America and any other country. The purpose was to stop the British and French from restricting American trade. This then backfired, but showed how strong the U.S. defended neutrality. Comparingly, John Adams was neutral too. During his presidency, the French thought he was allowing the British goods to go through, but not the French goods. The French then started seizing American ships carrying British goods. This caused Adams to have congress provide more protection out at Sea by naval forces and coastal defenses. Later John Adams said that this was his crown jewel of neutrality in a long career of public service. In conclusion, all three presidents were neutral during their presidential appearance. **


 * Domestic Affairs between the Presidents: **
 * During the terms of the seven presidents, the National Bank was a major domestic issue. While George Washington was president, the National Bank was proposed and established. Alexander Hamilton, the first secretary of the treasury, was chosen by George Washington so he could handle the money issues. Hamilton had a plan to pay off all debts. At this time, other countries started to believe in America again, and invested in money with America. Hamilton then chose to make the National Bank. After being officially proposed during the first session of the first congress, Hamilton’s Bank faced the issue of others believing in an increased federal power. Even with a few doubts, Washington passed the law of the National Bank. During the presidency of James Madison the nation was at war, therefore the rechartering of the Bank of The United States was one of the only domestic issues that held importance. According to the History Channel website, “The re-charter of the Bank of the U.S. was scheduled to terminate in 1812 and Madison met with stiff opposition from those who viewed the Bank as unconstitutional, anti-British republicans who opposed the amount of holdings by Britain citizens, and the individual state banking interest.” However, without the means to support war loans and establish government credit, The Second Bank was established and chartered a 20 year term. In 1828, when Andrew Jackson was first elected to the presidency, the federal bank was so well established that most considered it indispensable. Conversely, Jackson was very opposed to that belief. “He felt that the bank was not only unconstitutional, but that its concentrated financial power threatened the very liberty of the nation.” This meaning, he thought it was used to control the American economy and enslave the average farmer. When he was due to be reelected his opposition attempted to pass a rechartering bill through congress, thinking that it would be too controversial for Jackson to veto it. Nevertheless, he took the risk of reelection and vetoed the bill and it became one of the defining documents of his presidency. In conclusion, Washington and Madison felt the Federal Bank was essential to remain a powerful nation, but Jackson felt it was so corrupt and unconstitutional, it threatened the very belief of life in liberty that the United States had strived to represent. **

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